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Passive acoustic monitoring reveals surprising patterns of avian community antipredator behavior at a regional scaleNARA Subscribed
Passive acoustic monitoring has underutilized potential for studying animal behavior at a landscape scale. We used passive acoustic recordings collected across the entire western slope of the Sierra Nevada, USA, and the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm BirdNET to investigate avian vocal responses to a predator (American goshawks) throughout this ecosystem. We found a significant decrease in total avian vocal output follo...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
To determine whether long-term residential air pollution [AP; ozone (O₃) and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅)] is associated with (1) incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), (2) biomarkers of core and AD-relevant pathology, and (3) whether these relationships are moderated by APOE4+/- (carrier/non-carrier of one or both ε4 alleles) status or mediated by neuroinflammation. Sample included 795 partic...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Inter-individual variability of neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brainNARA Subscribed
Neurotransmitter receptors guide the propagation of signals between brain regions. Mapping receptor distributions in the brain is therefore necessary for understanding how neurotransmitter systems mediate the link between brain structure and function. Normative receptor density can be estimated using group averages from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. However, the generalizability and reliability of group-average r...
The unprecedented mortality to Caribbean corals caused by stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) led to the use of an in-water medicine applied directly to disease lesions. This topical amoxicillin paste is highly effective in halting lesions and has been used on tens of thousands of wild corals since 2019, but long-term survival rates of treated corals as well as the frequency of potential reinfections remained speculative....
Dietary niches of endemic and range-expanding salmonids in the western Canadian ArcticNARA Subscribed
The cumulative effects of climate change are impacting Arctic species and facilitating increased interactions between Arctic and sub-Arctic species. Anadromous Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and the northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma malma are endemic Arctic fishes vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, yet our understanding of the dietary niches they occupy is limited. The recent increased occurrence of sub-Arctic P...
Terrigenous inputs link nutrient dynamics to microbial communities in a tropical lagoonNARA Subscribed
Nutrient availability drives community structure and ecosystem processes, especially in tropical lagoons that are typically oligotrophic but often receive allochthonous inputs from land. Terrestrially derived nutrients are introduced to tropical lagoons by surface runoff and submarine groundwater discharge, which are influenced by seasonal precipitation. However, terrigenous inputs presumably diminish along the onshore–offshor...
Understanding and Predicting Population Response to Anthropogenic Disturbance: Current Approaches and Novel OpportunitiesNARA Subscribed
Effective conservation of biodiversity depends on the successful management of wildlife populations and their habitats. Successful management, in turn, depends on our ability to understand and accurately forecast how populations and communities respond to human‐induced changes in their environments. However, quantifying how these stressors impact population dynamics remains challenging. Another significant hurdle at this inter...