Purpose In-season optical sensor-based variable-rate nitrogen application (VRA) is designed to optimize nitrogen (N) management in maize (Zea mays L.) by aligning N inputs with real-time crop demand, yet reports on its performance are inconsistent. This study quantified the effects of VRA relative to fixed-rate management on N inputs, yield, N use efficiency, and profit; assessed VRA’s economic response to market volatility; i...

Mössbauer parameters of low spin six coordinate [Fe(II)(Por)L 2 ] and [Fe(II)(Por)LX] complexes (where Por is PPIX or a synthetic porphyrin; L is OH − , H 2 O, a nitrogenous base, CCl 2 , CO or CN − and X is a different ligand to L) are discussed. Our point charge calculation approach is extended to investigate how the axial ligands and the four porphyrinato-N atoms generate the observed quadrupole splittings (ΔE Q ). Partial...

Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus are native to most major east Asian drainages and are internationally cultured for use as a food‐fish or a biological control for molluscs. We describe the reproductive biology of Black Carp from the growing invasive population in the Mississippi River basin through examination of incidental commercial fisheries and biologist captures. Our objectives were to assess (1) reproductive development...

The seasonality of forage production is one of the main challenges in semi-arid regions, where environmental conditions limit agricultural productivity. One promising option is the use of elephant grass ‘BRS Capiaçu’, together with deficit irrigation. This study evaluated the impact of different irrigation depths with brackish water (50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of the reference evapotranspiration – ET 0 ) on the productive, physio...

Water temperature impacts estuarine ecology and biogeochemistry, but few studies have explored its dynamics, especially at tidal to seasonal timescales. Temperature is controlled by the mixing of river and ocean water and by heat fluxes from the atmosphere, both direct and indirect via bed sediments in intertidal areas. This study investigates temperature variability in the Yaquina Bay estuary, a small, partially to well-mixed...

Fire blight disease, caused by the highly virulent bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora , is a devastating disease that continues to spread to new regions worldwide. High-density planting systems for apple combined with large plantings of consumer-preferred but highly susceptible cultivars have fueled disease outbreaks that can result in significant numbers of tree losses. These cultivation trends, together with the aggressive...