High‐resolution tri‐axial accelerometry biologging tags have quantitatively described behaviors in baleen whale species that forage using lunges and continuous ram filtration. However, detailed quantitative descriptions of foraging behaviors do not exist for gray whales, a unique baleen whale species that primarily uses benthic suction feeding with a rolling component. We deployed suction cup biologging tags on Pacific Coast F...

Most protected area impact research that uses counterfactuals draws heavily on quantitative methods, data, and knowledge types, making it valuable in producing generalizations but limited in temporal scope, historical detail, and habitat diversity and coverage of ecosystem services. We devised a methodological pluralistic approach, which supports social science qualitative methods, narratives, mixed methods, and interdisciplin...

Building on earlier work identifying Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for cetaceans in U.S. waters (BIA I), we describe the methodology and structured expert elicitation principles used in the “BIA II” effort to update existing BIAs, identify and delineate new BIAs, and score BIAs for 25 cetacean species, stocks, or populations in seven U.S. regions. BIAs represent areas and times in which cetaceans are known to concentrate...

Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the climate and air quality of the surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how and why the changes are taking place, not least to predict how the region will change in...

The South Asian summer monsoon ( SASM ) is a continental scale weather phenomenon, which fluctuates at a range of temporal and spatial scales. Although majority of global climate models are broadly able to simulate the large scale characteristics of the SASM , they generally have major deficiencies such as constraints in reproducing observed mean precipitation. It is generally anticipated that higher resolution regional climat...

The South Asian summer monsoon ( SASM ) exhibits large variability in the intraseasonal scale, and active and break cycles of monsoon constitute dominant mode of this variability. This has been subject of many model‐based studies as improved simulation of intraseasonal features also leads to better representation of the seasonal mean characteristics. We evaluate a recent Hadley centre regional climate model's performance, at l...