Subcutaneous (SC) administration has emerged as a promising route for delivering large therapeutic proteins, offering advantages such as improved patient convenience and reduced healthcare costs. However, the mechanisms that regulate the uptake of these macromolecules are not yet fully understood. A recent surge in computational and experimental studies has systematically analyzed the transport of large proteins from the SC in...

Biochar (BC) has emerged as a promising soil amendment for reducing the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. This study investigates the effectiveness of cow bone-derived biochar (CBBC), produced by pyrolysis at 550 °C, and ZnCl₂-activated biochar (A-CBBC) for Cd immobilisation in calcareous soils. Comprehensive characterisation of CBBC and raw bone powder (BP) was performed...

This study investigates an internal erosion site along the Crawford County Levee System in Arkansas, USA using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) lines, complemented by multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and capacitively coupled resistivity (CCR) surveys. The goal of the testing was to identify internal erosion areas and establish “best recommend practices” for future investigations of internal erosion. For the...

This study presents a comprehensive subsurface characterization methodology integrating electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysics with traditional geotechnical investigations for river restoration planning at a former dam site. The investigation was conducted on Little Sugar Creek (contributing watershed area of 222 km² and mean annual discharge of 7 m³/s) in Bentonville, Arkansas, following the 2021 failure of the 5-...

The California-Nevada 1997 New Year’s flood was an atmospheric river (AR)-driven rain-on-snow (RoS) event and remains the costliest in their history. The joint occurrence of saturated soils, rainfall, and snowmelt generated inundation throughout northern California-Nevada. Although AR RoS events are projected to occur more frequently with climate change, the warming sensitivity of their flood drivers across scales remains unde...