Aim Predictable relationships between temperature and animal size and shape are the basis for classic rules in macroecology. Body size is thought to covary negatively with temperature (Bergmann's Rule), broadly attributed to thermoregulatory demand for larger size in colder climates. However, ecophysiological principles suggest that changes in insulative materials may be a more effective thermoregulatory adaptation than change...

Understanding the impacts of different threats on species is key to successful conservation interventions and policies. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assesses threats to species, and the organization's Red List of Threatened Species is a key conservation tool. We quantified the degree to which threats in IUCN assessments for 3 vertebrate groups (birds, amphibians, and ray‐finned fishes) were based o...

There is growing evidence that morphological change is a widespread response to the warming climate. The empirical basis for understanding this process has, to date, largely been correlative analyses of morphological time series. However, it is not clear what constitutes sufficient temporal sampling for assessing long-term morphological change. We analyzed two long-term high-quality morphological datasets, one including 33 spe...

This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus , alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin, against otitis media-associated bacteria. L. acidophilus cells were isolated from Vitalactic B (VB), a commercially available probiotic product containing two lactobacilli species, L. acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) plantarum . The pathogenic bacterial samples were prov...

We present a framework for developing storylines of UK sea level rise to aid risk communication and coastal adaptation planning. Our approach builds on the UK national climate projections (UKCP18) and maintains the same physically consistent methods that preserve component correlations and traceability between global mean sea level (GMSL) and local relative sea level (RSL). Five example storylines are presented that represent...

Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species‐level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, includi...

Nations throughout the Indo‐Pacific region use pyrethroid insecticides to control Aedes aegypti , the mosquito vector of dengue, often without knowledge of pyrethroid resistance status of the pest or origin of resistance. Two mutations (V1016G + F1534C) in the sodium channel gene ( Vssc ) of Ae. aegypti modify ion channel function and cause target‐site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, with a third mutation (S989P) having...

Increasing temperatures associated with climate change are predicted to cause reductions in body size, a key determinant of animal physiology and ecology. Using a four‐decade specimen series of 70 716 individuals of 52 North American migratory bird species, we demonstrate that increasing annual summer temperature over the 40‐year period predicts consistent reductions in body size across these diverse taxa. Concurrently, wing l...