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In late June 2021, multiple days of record‐breaking heat caused an unprecedented amount of foliage death in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Portions of tree canopies with healthy green foliage prior to the heat changed to red or orange shortly after the event. The change in foliage color could be readily seen in satellite imagery and was corroborated as foliar death (heat scorch) by aerial surveys and extensive obse...
Refugia under threat: Mass bleaching of coral assemblages in high‐latitude eastern AustraliaNARA Subscribed
Environmental anomalies that trigger adverse physiological responses and mortality are occurring with increasing frequency due to climate change. At species' range peripheries, environmental anomalies are particularly concerning because species often exist at their environmental tolerance limits and may not be able to migrate to escape unfavourable conditions. Here, we investigated the bleaching response and mortality of 14 co...
Habitat degradation not only disrupts habitat‐forming species, but alters the sensory landscape within which most species must balance behavioural activities against predation risk. Rapidly developing a cautious behavioural phenotype, a condition known as neophobia, is advantageous when entering a novel risky habitat. Many aquatic organisms rely on damage‐released conspecific cues (i.e. alarm cues) as an indicator of impending...
Geological connectivity drives microbial community structure and connectivity in polar, terrestrial ecosystemsNARA Subscribed
Summary Landscape heterogeneity impacts community assembly in animals and plants, but it is not clear if this ecological concept extends to microbes. To examine this question, we chose to investigate polar soil environments from the Antarctic and Arctic, where microbes often form the major component of biomass. We examined soil environments that ranged in connectivity from relatively well‐connected slopes to patchy, fragmented...
Specific global responses to N and Fe nutrition in toxic and non‐toxic Microcystis aeruginosaNARA Subscribed
Summary The bloom‐forming cyanobacteria species M icrocystis aeruginosa includes toxic and non‐toxic (microcystin‐producing) strains. Certain stress conditions stimulate synthesis of microcystin ( MCYST ) and enhance the binding of the MCYST molecule to proteins. In this quantitative proteomic study, we compared the response of a wild‐type toxic strain PCC 7806, an mcyH − knockout non‐toxic strain, and a naturally occurring no...
Ocean warming and acidification are serious threats to marine life. While each stressor alone has been studied in detail, their combined effects on the outcome of ecological interactions are poorly understood. We measured predation rates and predator selectivity of two closely related species of damselfish exposed to a predatory dottyback. We found temperature and CO 2 interacted synergistically on overall predation rate, but...
Impaired learning of predators and lower prey survival under elevated CO 2 : a consequence of neurotransmitter interferenceNARA Subscribed
Ocean acidification is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our time, and not surprisingly, we have seen a recent explosion of research into the physiological impacts and ecological consequences of changes in ocean chemistry. We are gaining considerable insights from this work, but further advances require greater integration across disciplines. Here, we showed that projected near‐future CO 2 levels impaired the...
Connectivity of Caribbean coral populations: complementary insights from empirical and modelled gene flowNARA Subscribed
Understanding patterns of connectivity among populations of marine organisms is essential for the development of realistic, spatially explicit models of population dynamics. Two approaches, empirical genetic patterns and oceanographic dispersal modelling, have been used to estimate levels of evolutionary connectivity among marine populations but rarely have their potentially complementary insights been combined. Here, a spatia...
Our planet is experiencing an increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) unprecedented in the past 800 000 years. About 30% of excess atmospheric CO 2 is absorbed by the oceans, thus increasing the concentration of carbonic acid and reducing the ocean's pH. Species able to survive the physiological stress imposed by ocean acidification may still suffer strong indirect negative consequences. Comparing t...
Invasive tags designed to provide information on animal movements through radio or satellite monitoring have tremendous potential for the study of whales and other cetaceans. However, to date there have been no published studies on the survival of tagged animals over periods of years or decades. Researchers from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tracked five humpback whales with...
Molecular analysis of the efficiency of sloughed skin sampling in whale population geneticsNARA Subscribed
Sloughed whale skin contains enough DNA for genetic analysis, and offers a nonintrusive method for collecting tissue. Here, we examine the efficiency of sloughed skin sampling using 1460 samples collected from free‐ranging humpback whales. Samples were sexed and screened for up to 10 microsatellite markers. The vast majority of samples appear genetically compatible with field observations. About 1% of groups revealed more geno...
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