Main conclusion The biological control of phytophagous mites mediated by predatory mites promotes the maintenance of plant physiology by mitigating damage and preserving key traits related to photosynthesis and development. Abstract The immune system of plants, upon perceiving the presence of phytophagous mites, triggers signals mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under intense infestations, these redox signals can trig...

Background and Aims Climate changes profoundly influence the level of stress that plants experience. This study was conducted to investigate the redox homeostasis of barley in response to salinity, infestation by Aceria tosichella Keifer. (the wheat curl mite, WCM), and the combined effects of these stress factors. Methods Hordeum vulgare L. plants were treated with sodium chloride at concentrations of 50 mM and 100 mM and wer...

The present review discusses the role of silver (AgNPs) and selenium (SeNPs) nanoparticles at different concentrations in the regulation of plant defence responses to the biotic stressors. Study of the role of the above nanoparticles (NPs) has generated considerable interest because these caused significant changes in the framework of plant growth and their metabolism and play an important role in responses to biotic stress fa...

Key message Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. Abstract The primary aim of this study was to determine how barley responds to two pests infesting separately or at once; thus barley was inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal cyst...

Aims This research aimed to establish how Hordeum vulgare responds to abiotic and biotic stress affecting in tandem. Methods Plants were inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi and treated with cadmium (Cd) concentration (5 μM) that can occur in the cultivated soil. To verify the hypothesis about participation of increased antioxidative defence in H. vulgare under stress, biochemical and microscopic methods were implemented. Resu...