The advent of mucosal vaccines that target the primary entry points of many pathogens has revolutionized the field of immunology. Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria (gmLAB), which include genera such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , have emerged as promising vectors for delivering antigens to mucosal surfaces. These gram-positive, non-pathogenic microorganisms exhibit inherent probiotic properties, can survive thr...

This study presents a numerical investigation into the structural behavior of a pile-in-pile (PIP) slip joint utilizing square hollow section (SHS) members, with a comparative assessment against conventional circular hollow sections (CHSs). A comprehensive finite element model was developed and validated against published CHS experimental results to evaluate key performance indicators, including stress distribution, buckling b...

The extent to which Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices alter nitrogen (N) balance in intensive rice-based cropping systems of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain was examined, focusing on a legume dominated-system (LDS) and a cereal dominated-system (CDS) in north-west Bangladesh. Three crop establishment methods were imposed—strip planting (SP) and bed planting (BP) for non rice crops with non-puddled rice establishment; com...