Background Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by degenerative and progressive muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1 (MDC1A) are frequent forms caused by DMD (NM_004006.3) and LAMA2 (NM_000426.4) mutations, respectively. Methods and results Our study used whole exome sequencin...

Pakistan’s marine fishing industry is crucial to the country’s economy, generating employment opportunities and foreign revenue. It produces 80% of the country’s total fish production. Otolithes ruber is a commercially important fish on the Makran coast of Pakistan, contributing significantly to the region’s croaker fisheries. This study is the first to apply three length-based approaches for assessing the stock status of O. r...