Flash floods are among the most frequent natural hazards, posing serious environmental challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where steep topography and compact basin morphometry accelerate surface runoff. The ungauged hill torrents of southwestern Punjab, Pakistan, are particularly vulnerable to such events, experiencing recurrent, intense flash floods. This study develops an integrated GIS-based morphometric...

A comprehensive analysis of crop water footprint (WFP), water use efficiency (WUE) and economic water productivity (EWP) between 2010 and 2020 in two climatically and economically diverse agricultural regions: Punjab, Pakistan and Western Australia, Australia was undertaken. Using the Water Footprint Network method and climate, soil and agricultural production data, the study quantified green, blue and grey water footprints fo...

Fusarium wilt (c.o. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici ( Foc ) is one of the major disasters during chilli production, which causes tremendous yield losses under suitable climatic conditions worldwide. One of our research aims was to investigate the incidence of Fusarium wilt disease, with a special reference to the climatic conditions in various chilli growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan, in 2020–2022. For these purposes, three...

Water, energy, and food are three major issues of concern because of the rapid growth of the population and economy, which are exacerbated by climate change. The disparity between the availability and demand of water is largely driven by domestic and agricultural uses, and it is important to evaluate its impact on hydropower generation. This study aims to integrate climate change, socioeconomic development, and hydropower gene...

Based on experimental results on different pollutants removal efficiencies through a specialized electrocoagulation system, simple mathematical models were developed for the predictions of pollutants’ removal efficiencies for any combination of input conditions. Based on earlier experimental results two independent variables, flowrate and voltage were considered for the derivations of the generalized equations. Based on indivi...