N. MACLEAN results 30
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Task success in trained spiking neural network models coincides with emergence of cross-stimulus-modulated inhibitionNARA Subscribed
The neocortex is composed of spiking neurons interconnected in a sparse, recurrent network. Spiking activity within these networks underlies the computations that transform sensory inputs into appropriate behavioral responses. In this study, we train recurrent spiking neural network (SNN) models constrained by neocortical connectivity statistics and investigate the architectural changes that enable task-relevant, spike-based c...
Global maps of soil temperatureNARA Subscribed
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1‐km 2 r...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperatureNARA Subscribed
Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long‐term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate‐forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to...
Autotransgenic and allotransgenic manipulation of growth traits in fish for aquaculture: a reviewNARA Subscribed
It is noteworthy that the use of transgene elements homologous to both the structural gene and promoter region sequences are more effective than heterologous ones for growth hormone (GH) transgenesis in farmed fish species. The generation of autotransgenic fish carrying the GH‐transgene construct (of which elements originate from the same species only) has been given considerable attention as a potential means to produce a des...
Poster abstractsNARA Subscribed
Remnants of ancient genetic diversity preserved within captive groups of scimitar‐horned oryx ( Oryx dammah )NARA Subscribed
Scimitar‐horned oryx, now considered extinct in the wild, persists in large numbers in captivity. In this first molecular genetic study on this species, we explore the patterns of genetic diversity across European, North American, and a few other captive groups using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial control region sequencing. Strong population structure was not evident from microsatellite data but we discovered deep di...
Transgene activity following somatic transgenesis in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticusNARA Subscribed
A detailed study was made of the persistence and expression of a plasmid‐enclosed reporter gene construct after intramuscular injection into the somatic muscle tissue of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and also the effect of injecting a potentially growth‐promoting gene construct. The plasmid‐enclosed DNA proved stable at the site of injection, lasting in some cases for up to 6 months, and was, at a very low freque...
The Asiatic wild dog or dhole was once very widely distributed across Asia but now has a very fragmented range. In this first genetic study of this little‐known species, we obtained information on genetic diversity, phylogeography, and social structure using both mitochondrial control region sequencing and microsatellite genotyping of noninvasive faecal samples from wild populations, as well as from museum and captive samples....
Estimation of the repeatability and reproducibility of three diagnostic tests for infectious salmon anaemia virusNARA Subscribed
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), virus isolation (VI) and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) are three assays currently used by the salmon industry to identify fish infected with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). However, no data are available on the repeatability (within‐laboratory consistency) and reproducibility (between‐laboratory consistency) of these assays and very limited informat...
Alongshore dispersal and site fidelity of juvenile plaice from tagging and transplantsNARA Subscribed
Juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa ( n = 1281) were tagged and released at two locations 300 m apart on a 1 km long sandy beach. Most (>90%) of the fish were recaptured within 100 m of the release site (shown by the colour of the tag), with very few caught >200 m distance after 6 weeks. The changing spatial distribution of marked fish was adequately reproduced by a simple dispersal model with a single parameter: a 78% proba...
The population structure of the only Litopenaeus species occurring in Brazilian waters, the white shrimp L. schmitti , was surveyed by screening six microsatellite loci. High diversity ( H E = 0.863; average number of alleles per locus = 37.8) was found across eight geographical locations (2°S to 27°S). Estimates of overall F ST ( 0.0060) were low but significantly different from zero ( P F ST pairwise estimates and amova reve...
Five microsatellite DNA markers were isolated and used to quangify population genetic structure among a subset of UK populations of the Adonis blue ( Polyommatus bellargus Rottemburg). Specifically, whether population size, degree of isolation or history of bottlenecking in 1976–1978 can explain current patterns of genetic variation. The butterfly is at its northern range limit in the UK, where it exists as a highly fragmented...
Growth and nutritional trials on transgenic Nile tilapia containing an exogenous fish growth hormone geneNARA Subscribed
In a long‐term growth trial, transgenic tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. showed a 2·5‐fold increase in growth compared with non‐transgenic siblings. At 7 months, mean mass of transgenic tilapia was 653 g compared with 260 g for non‐transgenic siblings. A significant increase ( P >0·01) in head: total length ratio, viscera‐somatic index and hepato‐somatic index was observed in transgenic fish. Female gonado‐somatic index ( I G)...
Juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar subjected to three weeks of cooler temperatures were 8·5% smaller than controls at the end of the temperature manipulation, but had caught up in size 20 weeks later. The behavioural means is examined by which this catch‐up or compensatory growth is achieved. While on average compensating fish did not spend more time feeding, dominant fish within each group gained more exclusive access to th...