To support the role of proximal and remote sensing in geological rare earth element (REE) resource exploration, we studied the reflectance spectroscopy of synthetic single- and mixed-REE phosphate phases. Synthesis yielded monazite for the elements La to Gd, and xenotime for Dy to Lu and Y. Visible-to-shortwave infrared (350–2500 nm) reflectance spectra of synthetic single-REE monazites and xenotimes can be used to identify th...

Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research...

Measuring progress toward international biodiversity targets requires robust information on the conservation status of species, which the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species provides. However, data and capacity are lacking for most hyperdiverse groups, such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi, particularly in megadiverse or high‐endemism regions. Conservation policies and biodiv...

The intensity of major storm events generated within the Atlantic Basin is projected to rise with the warming of the oceans, which is likely to exacerbate coastal erosion. Nature-based flood defence has been proposed as a sustainable and effective solution to protect coastlines. However, the ability of natural ecosystems to withstand major storms like tropical hurricanes has yet to be thoroughly tested. Seagrass meadows both s...

Purpose To develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model of ciprofloxacin intravenously in critically ill patients, and determine target attainment to provide guidance for more effective regimens. Methods Non-linear mixed-effects modelling was used for the model development and covariate analysis. Target attainment of an ƒAUC 0–24 /MIC ≥ 100 for different MICs was calculated for standard dosing regimens. Monte Carlo...

Rising levels of atmospheric CO 2 frequently stimulate plant inputs to soil, but the consequences of these changes for soil carbon (C) dynamics are poorly understood. Plant‐derived inputs can accumulate in the soil and become part of the soil C pool (“new soil C”), or accelerate losses of pre‐existing (“old”) soil C. The dynamics of the new and old pools will likely differ and alter the long‐term fate of soil C, but these sepa...

Multifactor experiments are often advocated as important for advancing terrestrial biosphere models ( TBM s), yet to date, such models have only been tested against single‐factor experiments. We applied 10 TBM s to the multifactor Prairie Heating and CO 2 Enrichment ( PHACE ) experiment in Wyoming, USA . Our goals were to investigate how multifactor experiments can be used to constrain models and to identify a road map for mod...

Climate change is affecting the hydrodynamics of the world's oceans. How these changes will influence the productivity, distribution and abundance of phytoplankton communities is an urgent research question. Here we provide a unique high‐resolution mesoscale description of the phytoplankton community composition in relation to vertical mixing conditions and other key physicochemical parameters along a meridional section of the...

We provide a time series of Agulhas leakage anomalies over the last 20-years from satellite altimetry. Until now, measuring the interannual variability of Indo-Atlantic exchange has been the major barrier in the investigation of the dynamics and large scale impact of Agulhas leakage. We compute the difference of transport between the Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current, which allows us to deduce Agulhas leakage. The mai...

Summary Studies focusing on seasonal dynamics of microbial communities in terrestrial and marine environments are common; however, little is known about seasonal dynamics in high‐temperature environments. Thus, our objective was to document the seasonal dynamics of both the physicochemical conditions and the microbial communities inhabiting hot springs in T engchong County, Y unnan Province, C hina. The PhyloChip microarray de...

Using ocean models of different complexity we show that opening the Indonesian Passage between the Pacific and the Indian oceans increases the input of Indian Ocean water into the South Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage. In a strongly eddying global ocean model this response results from an increased Agulhas Current transport and a constant proportion of Agulhas retroflection south of Africa. The leakage increases through an in...

This study compared Pundamilia nyererei and Pundamilia pundamilia males in routine metabolic rate ( R R ) and in the metabolic costs males pay during territorial interactions (active metabolic rate, R A ). Pundamilia nyererei and P. pundamilia males housed in social isolation did not differ in R R . In contrast to expectation, however, P. nyererei males used less oxygen than P. pundamilia males, for a given mass and level of a...

This study reports the aboveground biomass response of a fire‐regenerated Florida scrub‐oak ecosystem exposed to elevated CO 2 (1996–2007), from emergence after fire through canopy closure. Eleven years exposure to elevated CO 2 caused a 67% increase in aboveground shoot biomass. Growth stimulation was sustained throughout the experiment; although there was significant variability between years. The absolute stimulation of abo...