Shipboard training equips early career ocean professionals (ECOPs) with the skills, knowledge, and confidence to tackle the challenges of marine research. Such training helps develop a workforce essential for implementing a truly global ocean observation system and advancing understanding of the ocean and its sustainable use. Working with other organizations and individuals, the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean...

During the months of May, June, July and August 2019 the Red Band Difference algorithm was tested over Irish waters to assess its suitability for the Irish harmful algal bloom alert system. Over the 4 weeks of June an extensive localised surface phytoplankton bloom formed in the Celtic Sea, south of Ireland. Satellite imagery from the Sentinel-3a’s Ocean and Land Colour Instrument, processed using the Red Band Difference algor...

We report isotope dilution analyses of dissolved cadmium (Cd) and electrochemical Cd speciation measurements in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Bioavailable inorganic Cd is > 100 times higher in near‐surface waters south of the Polar Front compared to the Subantarctic Zone because of upwelling and reduced complexation by organic Cd ligands. To trace local changes in the relation between Cd and P, we examine the devi...

Iron solubility (cFe S ) ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 nmol L −1 , decreasing from south to north in three different Southern Ocean zones (the Coastal Zone, the Antarctic Zone, and the Polar Frontal Zone plus the Subantarctic Zone). This decrease was at times correlated with an increase in temperature. Organic Fe solubility (cFe S,org ), which was obtained by subtracting from total measured Fe solubility the solubility of inorganic s...

The chemical speciation of dissolved Cu was investigated by voltammetric methods in Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, over the course of a year from September 1996 until August 1997. Sampling was carried out on a roughly monthly basis, with an intensive survey carried out in May 1997. Surface water temperatures ranged from 21 to 22°C, whereas bottom waters in the fjord were approximately 6°C throughout. Macronutrient concentrations in th...

The uptake and efflux of 64 Cu was studied in the marine cyanobacterium Synechoccous strain WH7803 (DC2). Uptake followed classical Michaelis∐Menten type kinetics in metal∐buffered seawater. The maximum uptake rate, V max , was 0.236 ± 0.016 × 10 −18 mol Cu cell −1 h −1 , with the half∐saturation constant, K S , of 10 −10.81±0.11 mol L −1 . An efflux mechanism was also observed in WH7803, whose growth was inhibited by high int...

Iron supply is thought to regulate primary production in high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the sea in both the past and the present. A critical aspect of this relationship is acquisition of iron (Fe) by phytoplankton, which occurs through a complex series of extracellular reactions that are influenced by Fe chemistry and speciation. During the first in situ mesoscale Fe‐enrichment experiment in the Southern Ocean...

Blooms of large diatoms dominate the CO 2 drawdown and silicon cycle of the Southern Ocean in both the past and present. The growth of these Antarctic diatoms is limited by availability of iron (and light). Here we report the first assessment of growth rates in relation to iron availability of two truly oceanic Antarctic diatom species, the large, chain‐forming diatom Chaetoceros dichaeta and the small, unicellular diatom C. b...

Organic chelators that are thought to be of recent biological origin control copper speciation in seawater. Previous studies have often resolved these copper binding ligands into two classes, class 1 ligands (conditional stability constants 10 12 –10 14 M −1 ) and class 2 ligands (conditional stability constants 10 9 –10 12 M −1 ). At present the sources and structures of these chelators are unknown. Previous work has shown th...

Cu speciation was studied in four harbors on the south coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, that are exposed to varying degrees of Cu contamination from anthropogenic sources. Copper in waters outside the harbors was complexed by ∼10 nM of very strong chelators, twofold higher than ambient Cu concentrations. In Eel Pond (Woods Hole) and Falmouth Inner Harbor, total dissolved Cu concentrations were 7–10‐fold higher. However, becau...