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Effective conservation and enforcement strategies for marine turtles depend on understanding population structure, connectivity, and the geographic origins of turtles impacted by threats such as bycatch, overexploitation, and illegal trade. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data remain fragmented across studies, with inconsistent sequence lengths, haplotype nomenclature, and metadata standards limiting their application in co...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Leatherback turtles ( Dermochelys coriacea ) are highly migratory and globally distributed, yet exhibit low overall genetic diversity. Currently, the species is divided into seven Regional Management Units (RMUs), and significant gaps remain in understanding genetic connectivity within the Indo-Pacific, particularly the Northeast Indian Ocean. Here, we investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of leatherback t...
The importance of ocean currents in influencing the connectivity and dispersal of marine megafauna, including sea turtles, is becoming increasingly recognized. However, more comprehensive studies are needed on how these currents impact the genetic makeup and connectivity of green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Pacific Islands region. To address this gap, our study conducted genetic analyses of green...
Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) populations are endangered globally and there is a need to better understand their genetic diversity and structure in order to inform conservation efforts. Most nesting in the western Pacific is concentrated in the Bird’s Head Seascape (BHS) region of West Papua, Indonesia. Previous genetic assessment based on limited mtDNA sequences inadequately represented the demographic complexity that is...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis is a key tool for defining population structure in marine turtles, due to their strong natal homing behavior, which leads to genetic differentiation among rookeries. However, the widespread occurrence of common haplotypes across large geographic areas, has limited the ability to resolve fine-scale population structure, particularly in the western Pacific. Understanding these population dynami...
Genetic characteristics of North Pacific loggerhead turtles captured as bycatch in pound nets operating in Muroto, Kochi, Japan were sampled to identify and estimate stock structure of coastal foraging aggregations. Tissue samples were obtained from juvenile, subadult and adult turtles from 2005–2006 and 2008–2010. For each of the years, 100 samples were processed and approximately 820 bp of mitochondrial DNA control region we...
Population structure of Pacific green turtles: a new perspective from microsatellite DNA variationOA Marine
This study builds upon the current understanding of green turtle population genetic structure in the Pacific that has largely been based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), by examining nuclear DNA (nDNA) diversity, regional connectivity, and male-mediated gene flow. A total of 1,111 nesting green turtle samples were analyzed with 10 microsatellite markers from 20 Pacific rookeries. Population differentiation (F ST ) was significant...
Origins of green turtle fishery bycatch in the central Pacific revealed by mixed genetic markersOA Marine
Longline fishing vessels, such as those that target tuna or billfish, also unintentionally catch endangered marine turtle species on the high seas. The stock composition of this bycatch is often unknown but potentially complex, with individuals coming from many possible origins on an ocean-basin scale. To better understand the stock composition of green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) bycatch we obtained 46 turtles, 27-91 cm in curv...
Resolving natal populations for juvenile green turtles is challenging given their potential for extensive dispersal during the oceanic stage and ontogenetic shifts among nursery habitats. Mitochondrial DNA markers have elucidated patterns of connectivity between green turtle nesting populations (rookeries) and juvenile foraging aggregations. However, missing rookery baseline data and haplotype sharing among populations have of...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Traditionally, deep-sea ecosystems have been considered to be insulated from the effects of modern climate change, but with the recognition of the importance of food supply from the surface ocean and deep-sea currents to sustaining these systems, the potential for rapid response of benthic systems to climate change is gaining increasing attention. However, very few ecological time-series exist for the deep ocean covering the t...
Credit systems for mitigation of bycatch and habitat impact, incentive-based approaches, incentivize changes in fishery operator behavior and decision-making and allow flexibility in a least-cost method. Three types of credit systems, originally developed to address environmental pollution, are presented and evaluated as currently underutilized incentive-based approaches. The first, a cap-and-trade approach, evolved out of dir...
Fisheries bycatch conservation and management can be analyzed and implemented through the biodiversity mitigation hierarchy using one of four basic approaches: (1) private solutions, including voluntary, moral suasion, and intrinsic motivation; (2) direct or “command-and-control” regulation starting from the fishery management authority down to the vessel; (3) incentive- or market-based to alter producer and consumer behavior...
Hawksbill turtles ( Eretmochelys imbricata ) are exploited for their beautiful shell known as tortoiseshell or bekko, making them extremely vulnerable in the illegal global trade of tortoiseshell products. In this study, we developed an effective, standardized method using a commercially available kit to extract DNA and obtain informative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (~800 bp) from hawksbill turtle produc...
The evolutionary history and global phylogeography of the green turtle ( Chelonia mydas )NARA Subscribed
Aim To examine the genetic structure and global phylogeography of the endangered green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas , in light of past climatic events and current conservation needs. Location Tropical and subtropical beaches around the world. Methods We analysed 386 base pairs of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region of 4,878 individual nesting green turtle samples from 127 rookeries globally. We used phylogeographic analysi...
Assessments of fisheries by‐catch on marine megafauna are important for developing effective management strategies. For sea turtles, impacts may be evident in nesting population trends, but generally only after a lag, as turtles are slow to mature. We examined 850 loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ) by‐catch samples collected over 14 years throughout the western North Atlantic to identify source nesting populations. We ident...