Nutrient management plan (NMP) tools aim to enhance crop production while minimising environmental harm from over-fertilisation by aligning applications with crop demands and with soil and atmospheric conditions. The characteristics of 14 widely used NMP tools from nine countries (Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, and United Kingdom) were compared. All tools employed a mass balance a...

The forest floor (FF) plays a key role in carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. It is the biologically most active compartment of forest soils, highly responsive to environmental conditions. Yet, its response to current changes in environmental conditions and forest management is understudied. Temperate forests are among the best studied ecosystems globally, providing the necessary ecological and biogeochemical background infor...

Observing winter processes during the extended cold season is crucial not only for understanding polar and global coupled Earth system but also for enhancing capability of year-round prediction, especially in the context of Arctic amplification and the drastic decrease in sea ice extent and thickness at both poles. However, harsh environmental conditions and logistical challenges have left polar winter Earth system processes s...