Based on multi‐source data, including observation, analysis, model calculation, satellite remote sensing, and scenario estimation data, this study has systematically analysed the warming and dry–wet change characteristics of the Yellow River's upper reaches in the last 60 years. The causes and features of the current warming and humidification and their impact on surface water resources are also discussed. This study found tha...

Introduction Marine epiphytic diatoms are natural diets for multiple marine invertebrates, including sea cucumbers, sea urchins, etc. They also act as bioindicators in marine waters to assess water quality of coastal ecosystems. Material and methods We isolated three strains of Navicula and two strains of Nitzschia from macroalgal epiphytes. Combined concentrations of four macroelements, five trace metals, and three vitamins i...

This study presents in-situ observations of fluid mud in the Yangtze Estuary via a bottom tripod. Six occurrences of periodic fluid muds (F1-F6) were observed at high slack water, with suspended sediment concentration (SSC) exceeding 10 kg/m 3 . The thickness of the fluid mud varied across the six occurrences, reaching a maximum of 0.32m. Notably, temperature and salinity anomalies were observed within the fluid mud. The forma...