Large herbivores are among the most ecologically influential and extinction‐prone animals. Megaherbivores, in particular, radically alter vegetation. Yet, few studies have tried to predict the impacts of herbivores—or their extinction—on plant species composition and community structure. First principles suggest that preferred food plants should be most strongly suppressed by herbivores and released by herbivore loss, but this...

Submarine landslides present significant hazards to offshore and nearshore environments. This study presents a novel approach to numerically simulate clay-rich submarine landslide events using a recently developed coupled material point method and computational fluid dynamics (MPM-CFD). The landslide events are modeled from their initiation to deposition. In this method, the soils and bedrock are represented by material point...

Diverse communities of large mammalian herbivores (LMH), once widespread, are now rare. LMH exert strong direct and indirect effects on community structure and ecosystem functions, and measuring these effects is important for testing ecological theory and for understanding past, current, and future environmental change. This in turn requires long‐term experimental manipulations, owing to the slow and often nonlinear responses...

Species assemblages often have a non‐random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion‐consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177...

The Warburg effect is characterised by increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion in cancer cells resulting from metabolic transformation in tumour tissue. The corresponding molecular pathways switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, due to changes in glucose degradation mechanisms known as the ‘Warburg reprogramming’ of cancer cells. Key glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters and transcription factor...