Aim To investigate the contributions of vegetation growth carryover (VGC, defined as the effect of present states of vegetation growth on subsequent phenophases) and climatic factors to plant phenology, particularly start‐of‐season (SOS) and end‐of‐season (EOS), and how these contributions have evolved globally over the past four decades. Location Global, with a focus on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH...

EsBax (bcl-2 Associated X protein), a member of the bcl-2 family involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, plays a crucial role in immune response and defense in invertebrates. In this study, we successfully cloned the full-length cDNA of EsBax from the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and investigated its immune-related functions. The EsBax cDNA is 3374 bp in length, including a 1563 bp open reading frame (ORF)...