Recent evidence links gut dysbiosis and the gut-brain axis to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses and is characterized by motor symptoms and a gradual loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor with emerging anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has recently gained attention for...

Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to numerous chronic illnesses, including neurological disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The study design included four groups, each consisting of six rats: the control group was fed regular chow, while groups 2 (HFD 2W), 3 (HFD 4W), and 4 (HFD 8W) were given a 60% HFD for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. A significant change in the latency to the platform in the water...