Biomolecular condensates formed through phase separation have emerged as a central principle of cellular organization, enabling the dynamic regulation of gene expression, signaling, metabolism, and stress responses. While early conceptual advances in condensate biology have largely originated from animal and in vitro systems, plant cells present a unique set of biological and technical challenges, including rigid cell walls, t...

Scope 3 emissions—indirect greenhouse gas emissions across a company’s value chain—often constitute the largest share of corporate carbon footprints yet remain inadequately measured due to methodological challenges. Unlike the GHG Protocol’s general guidelines, which leave multi-tier allocation, circular dependencies, and complex ownership to individual practitioners, this paper develops an integrated, algorithmically implemen...