Scope 3 emissions—indirect greenhouse gas emissions across a company’s value chain—often constitute the largest share of corporate carbon footprints yet remain inadequately measured due to methodological challenges. Unlike the GHG Protocol’s general guidelines, which leave multi-tier allocation, circular dependencies, and complex ownership to individual practitioners, this paper develops an integrated, algorithmically implemen...

Underwater images often suffer from color distortion, low contrast, and structural blurring caused by wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering, which degrade both visual observation and downstream perception. Existing underwater image enhancement methods usually learn image-level restoration mappings, while the relationships among semantic regions, degradation patterns, and restoration responses are not fully exploited....

Introduction Cruise port operations are facing increasingly significant challenges in departure reliability amid frequent climate variability, port congestion, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical risks. Unlike existing studies that mainly explain cruise delays from the perspectives of weather conditions, external shocks, or supply chain risks, this paper focuses on whether port turnaround planning itself may constitute...