Carassius auratus , a commercially important species in the ornamental aquarium industry, is sensitive to salinity fluctuations. In this study, 30 C. auratus of length 13.1 ± 2.9 cm and weight 103.8 ± 40.8 g/fish were placed into six plastic tanks (80 L) with five fish per tank. About 15 fish were exposed to 10‰ salinity for 48 h, while another 15 fish were kept in freshwater and continuously aerated (0‰) as a control. To inve...

Climate change has increased heatwave frequency, duration, and intensity globally, which is expected to worsen under warmer conditions. Understanding heatwave variabilities is crucial for the ecosystem and human health they impact, yet comprehensive assessments over China at different spatiotemporal scales remain limited. This study evaluates 12 NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections' CMIP6 (NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6) do...

The phylum Acanthocephala is a ubiquitous group of zooparasites, with major socio‐economic importance. The true diversity of the Acanthocephala is obscured by the phenomena of cryptic speciation and a large degree of intraspecific variation. In this study we describe an example of extreme phenotypic variation in neck morphology. The pomphorhynchid acanthocephalans, Longicollum pagrosomi and Pomphorhynchus zhoushanensis were or...

Aim Biodiversity patterns along elevational gradients have been well documented for vascular plants and terrestrial vertebrates, but we know relatively little about the elevational patterns of bryophytes and their underlying mechanisms, especially the effect of forest microclimate on epiphytic and non‐epiphytic bryophytes. Here we study the influence of microclimates on the richness of epiphytic and non‐epiphytic bryophytes as...

Aim Exploring the divergence and speciation processes is central to understanding the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. The dry valley mosaic in the Hengduan Mountains and its southern extension range is one of the special landscapes globally and harbours a high level of endemic plants of tropical margin nature. The dry valleys and lowlands‐adapted plants constitute a unique system to explore how the geological and ecolo...

Understanding how species optimise and stabilise their elementome, namely stoichiometric homeostasis ( H ), is crucial for species adaptation in changing environments. Species can be stoichiometrically homeostatic to different degrees, and elemental homeostasis is related to species' nutrient economic strategies. Recent studies on N and P homeostasis have provided a framework linking plant fitness to ecosystem functioning. How...

A new corticioid fungal species Gloeocystidiellum sinense from Yunnan Province, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. This species is characterised by its cream to pink‐buff hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as 3.7–4.4 × 2.8–3.2 µm. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS + nLSU dataset indicated that the new species G. sinense nested wi...

Aim Considering the importance of microclimate in maintaining the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes, we investigated epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient in the subtropical forest of eastern China to unravel the diversity patterns of epiphytic liverworts and mosses along the elevational gradients and the roles of forest microclimates, topographic variables and host plant composition attributes in shaping these el...

Aim Plant invasions are a global problem that requires studying plants and their environmental associations across native and introduced ranges. Location 2000 km transects in China, Europe and North America. Time Period June 2019–July 2020. Major Taxa Studied Japanese knotweed ( Reynoutria japonica ). Methods We surveyed 150 populations of Japanese knotweed, a noxious invader of the temperate zone, along 2000 km transects in n...

In this work, we describe a new species of the genus Oreonectes , Oreonectes yuedongensis sp. nov., collected from the Lianhua Mountains in eastern Guangdong, China. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b ( Cyt b ) gene showed that this new species represents an independent evolutionary lineage, with uncorrected genetic distances (Kimura 2‐parameter model) from congeners ranging from 5.1% to 8.3...

Biological invasions pose a global challenge, affecting ecosystems worldwide and human societies. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of invasive species is critical to understanding their current invasion success and projecting their future spread. However, to date, few studies have addressed the evolutionary history and potential future spread of invaders simultaneously. In this study, we explored both evolutionary history...

Like alien plant invasion, range expansion of native plants may threaten biodiversity and economies, rendering them native invaders. Variation in abiotic and biotic conditions across a large geographic scale greatly affects variation in traits and interactions with herbivores of native plant invaders, which is an interesting yet mostly unexplored issue. We used a common garden experiment to compare defensive/nutritional traits...

Overflow events are important embodiments of the evolutionary characteristics of the lower Yellow River. Lakes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have the capacity to record these events. Due to the complex provenance and transport pathways of sediments in local lakes, it is difficult to extract reliable information on sediments delivered by the Yellow River based on conventional methods and proxies. Here, we show result...

Maize is susceptible to drought and low temperatures. In recent years, drought, low temperatures, and their composite events have often occurred during the growth period of maize, causing a huge impact. In this study, maize in the Songliao Plain was used as the research object. Based on the crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI) and heat index (F(T)), combined with the Theil–Sen median and Mann–Kendall tests (Sen–MK) and emp...

Summary The outbreak of the COVID‐19 epidemic is a reminder that aerosols have important health effects as a potential route for disease transmission. Biological components in aerosols (especially PM 2.5 ) may pose potential threats to humans as pathogens and allergens. Research on PM 2.5 and biological components currently focuses mainly on polluted conditions, with less emphasis on clean environments. Sampling has also been...

There has been little systematic analysis of the influence of the three‐step staircase topography on the characteristics of precipitation along latitude 30°N in East Asia. After the distribution of atmospheric climate states over East Asia was analysed, in this study, the climatological characteristics of summer convective and stratiform precipitation on horizontal distribution, vertical structure, and diurnal variation in Eas...

Summary Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that colonizes agriculture crops with aflatoxin contamination. We found that Perillaldehyde (PAE) effectively inhibited A . flavus viability and aflatoxin production by inducing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transcriptome analysis indicated that the Gα protein FadA was significantly induced by PAE. Functional characterization of FadA showed it is important...

Summary Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum leads to decrease of crops yield. Investigation of cultivable bacteria diversity provides more microbial species for screening antagonistic bacteria. In the present study, a variety of cultivation methods were used to investigate the diversity of cultivable bacteria alive in tobacco field. A total of 441 bacterial strains were obtained that belonged to four phyla,...

Although explosive cyclones (ECs) have long been a focus of research, there remains a lack of knowledge of the statistical characteristics of their associated maximum surface winds and vertical extents. This study fills this gap by conducting a targeted statistical analysis of ECs in the Northern Hemisphere using the ERA‐I reanalysis data during a 40‐year period. Some new findings are obtained: (a) The average location of form...

The genus Microphysogobio was established by Mori [Mori, T. (1934). The fresh water fishes of Jehol. In Report of the first scientific expedition to Manchoukuo. 1: pp. 1–61] based on a single specimen ( Microphysogobio hsinglungshanensis ) collected in the Luanhe River basin, Xinglong County, Hebei Province, China. Because the genus characteristics were derived from its type species, M. hsinglungshanensis , the detailed descri...

Summary The cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling activates the transcription factor Swi6 through a MAPK signaling cascade in response to cell wall stresses. In this study, we observed two different mRNA variants of swi6 ( GlSwi6A and GlSwi6B ) existed, due to alternative splicing. Besides, the expression level of GlSwi6B was higher than that of the GlSwi6A mRNA variant. The co‐silencing of GlSwi6A and GlSwi6B was more sensitive...

Summary Type II toxin‐antitoxin (TA) systems modulate many essential cellular processes in prokaryotic organisms. Recent studies indicate certain type II antitoxins also transcriptionally regulate other genes, besides neutralizing toxin activity. Herein, we investigated the diverse transcriptional repression properties of type II TA antitoxin PaHigA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Biochemical and functional analyses showed that...

Summary Viruses play a key role in biogeochemical cycling and host mortality, metabolism, physiology and evolution in the ocean. Viruses that infect the globally abundant SAR11 bacteria (pelagiphages) were reported to be an important component of the marine viral communities. Our current knowledge of pelagiphages is based on a few studies and therefore is limited. In this study, 10 new pelagiphages were isolated and genomicall...

Summary Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule in stress response of organisms. We previously reported that NO decreases heat stress (HS)‐induced ganoderic acid (GA) accumulation in Ganoderma lucidum . To explore the mechanisms by which NO modulates GA biosynthesis under HS, the effect of NO on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was examined. The results showed that NO decreased the production of mitochon...

Soil nutrient contents and organic carbon (C) stability are key indicators for restoration of degraded grassland. However, the effects of long‐term active restoration of extremely degraded grassland on soil parameters have been equivocal. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of active restoration of degraded alpine grassland on: (a) soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization; and (b) the importance of biotic factor...