Summary Fungus‐cultivating termites ( M acrotermitinae) possess an elaborate strategy of lignocellulose digestion. It involves a lignocellulose‐degrading fungal symbiont (genus T ermitomyces ), a diverse gut microbiota and a characteristic labour division in food processing. In this study, using pyrotag sequencing and electron microscopy, we analysed the bacterial microbiota in the hindgut of O dontotermes formosanus and its f...