Studies on biomobility in the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) or the Harappan Culture provide important insights into pastoral practices, trade and environmental adaptation that shaped the civilisation's economy and social networks. At its height, the IVC engaged in extensive trade across its vast territory, resulting in cultural and economic change across diverse ecological zones. Although archaeological finds indicate trade...

Increasing water scarcity and nutrient demand requires efficient irrigation and nutrient management for sustaining the productivity of the basmati rice–wheat cropping system. This study assessed the impacts of two irrigation methods (surface [DI] and subsurface drip irrigation [SDI]), four irrigation schedules (I 15% , I 25% , I 35% and I 45% , i.e., 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% depletion of available water) and two nitrogen doses (1...