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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Jellyfish (Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa) as natural environmental DNA samplers: a case study in the Northern Adriatic seaNARA Subscribed
Conservation management, aimed at mitigating the ongoing biodiversity loss, critically relies on ecosystem monitoring to enable accurate estimates of species distributions and population sizes. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has become increasingly popular for non-invasive and high-throughput species assessment, including fish species diversity. Beyond the established sample collection protocols, natural samplers of eDNA (n...
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and computational studies of novel phthalimides as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitorsNARA Subscribed
Aiming to find effective anti-inflammatory agents, two new series of phthalimide derivatives 4a-h and 7a-f were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of COX and 5-LOX enzymes. The structures of all of the new compounds were confirmed by different spectroscopic analyses. The compounds in this study were designed with the intention of being moderately selective COX-2 inhibitors to avoid the negative effects of both highly sele...
The increasing feasibility of whole‐genome sequencing has been highly anticipated, promising to transform our understanding of the biology of nonmodel species. Notably, dramatic cost reductions beginning around 2007 with the advent of high‐throughput sequencing inspired publications heralding the ‘genomics revolution’, with predictions about its future impacts. Although such predictions served as useful guideposts, value is ad...
Biotic Mechanisms Strengthen Functional and Phylogenetic Convergence of Reef Fish Assemblages at Higher LatitudesNARA Subscribed
Aim How communities of organisms come together has long fascinated scientists, with renewed interest in using functional and evolutionary patterns to infer mechanisms of community assembly. Ecological theory predicts that biotic interactions could lead to either divergence in the event of niche partitioning or convergence through the exclusion of competitively inferior species, but most macroecological studies attribute the la...
Following rapid climate change, tundra plant communities are experiencing extensive compositional shifts. A conservation concern is the potential encroachment of boreal species into the tundra (‘borealisation’). Tundra borealisation has been sporadically reported, but not systematically quantified. Here, we synthesised data from across 32 study areas, spanning 1137 plots and 287 vascular plant species, resurveyed between 1981...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Physical exercise is a promising intervention to improve brain white matter integrity. In the PAM study, exercise intervention effects on white matter integrity were investigated in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients with cognitive problems were randomized 2–4 years post-diagnosis to an exercise ( n = 91) or control group ( n = 90). The 6-month exercise intervention consisted of four hours/week...
As the vast majority of excavated palaeontological skeletal remains are fragmentary to the extent that they cannot be identified by morphological analysis alone, various molecular methods have been considered to retrieve information from an otherwise underutilised resource. The introduction of collagen fingerprinting, known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), has become one of the most popular approaches to improve...