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Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Acute Organophosphate Toxicity: A Preliminary Evaluation of Cyclosporine ANARA Subscribed
Background Organophosphate (OP) compounds are widely used agricultural chemicals that pose significant public health and chemical threat concerns due to their neurotoxic effects. Although OP toxicity has classically been attributed to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cholinergic crisis, emerging evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction may represent an additional and clinically relevant mechanism of injury. Experimental...
Quantifying the Impact of Winter Cover Crops on Sediment Export in Small Agricultural Watersheds and BeyondNARA Subscribed
Agricultural land use increases the potential for soil erosion when the absence of vegetative cover during the fallow period makes fields vulnerable to runoff. Soil erosion can decrease crop yields and increase sedimentation in downstream water bodies. Agricultural conservation practices, such as the planting of winter cover crops, may protect soils and reduce erosion. To quantify the effect of cover crop use on field- and wat...
An experimental approach to assess the combined effects of multiple stressors on a large vertebrate speciesNARA Subscribed
The design of experiments to investigate the combined effects of multiple stressors requires exposing target organisms to multiple combinations of stressor doses. Concurrent manipulation of stressors is often infeasible with wildlife, but long‐lasting health effects allow individual health to be used as an integrator of prior stressor exposure. The population of bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, experienced long...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Models of whale distributions often offer static snapshots that overlook the fluid nature of habitat use. In regions where systematic surveys are infrequent, long‐term observations from tourism vessels provide valuable opportunistic data. In the northern Gulf of Maine, humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) have anecdotally been observed shifting from traditional foraging grounds off Maine toward northeastern Canadian wate...
Utilizing Exhaled Breath and Skin Microbiomes in Assessments of At‐Risk Killer Whales ( Orcinus orca )NARA Subscribed
For at‐risk populations of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ), biological samples can offer information about individual animal status. We hypothesized that low‐yield samples could provide sufficient material for microbiome analysis. We collected and analyzed, with amplicon metabarcoding, breath samples from managed care and free‐ranging killer whales (8 and 14 animals, respectively) and epidermal tissue from free‐ranging killer w...
Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake are the focus of intensive conservation efforts due to the threat of predation by invasive lake trout Salvelinus namaycush . Suppression gillnetting has reduced the abundance of predatory lake trout, and the Yellowstone cutthroat trout population is recovering. Long‐term monitoring indicates the size structure of the population shifted following l...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Micro‐Refuges or Ecological Traps: Context‐Dependent Effects of Rock Pools on Intertidal Biodiversity Across LatitudesNARA Subscribed
Aim We investigated how local‐scale environmental heterogeneity influences biodiversity patterns across broad biogeographic gradients, using intertidal microhabitats as a model system within one of the most environmentally stressful ecosystems on Earth. Location Intertidal habitats at 26 locations (two rocky shore sites per location) across six continents, spanning 98° of latitude (38°S to 60°N). Time Period 2019–2022. Major T...