The North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) plays an important role in regulating thermohaline structure and biogeochemical distributions in the North Pacific. However, limited continuous observations have hindered our understanding of its short-term variability and structural response to mesoscale processes. Based on 1 year mooring observations from three sites (M1–M3) in the western North Pacific, this study investigates the...

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors, such as PLX5622 and PLX3397 (pexidartinib), are widely used for in vivo microglial depletion and for investigating microglial functions and therapeutic potential. Although CSF1R inhibitor-based studies have uncovered important roles for microglia in processes, such as anesthesia, addiction, and obesity, whether the resulting phenotypes reflect microglial depletion alone...