A poorly understood and systemic challenge to global conservation agreements is shifting baseline syndrome (SBS), wherein people misperceive the extent to which nature has changed. This can diminish societal expectations for nature recovery. We broadened the conceptual framing of SBS beyond the more common elements of nature loss to include nature recovery and the cognitive mechanisms underlying misperceptions. To demonstrate...

A time-domain semi-empirical simulation model based on the wake oscillator approach is developed to investigate the coupled in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flexible riser in uniform oscillatory flow. A novel nondimensionalization method is introduced by utilizing the dimensionless parameter StKC, which effectively replicates the fundamental lift frequency caused by the complex vortex motion...