Horizontal wells combined with multi-stage fracturing are key techniques for extracting tight oil formation. However, due to the ultra-low permeability and porosity of reservoirs, energy depletion occurs rapidly, necessitating external supplements to sustain production. During the hydraulic fracturing process, large volumes of fracturing fluid are injected into reservoirs, increasing its pressure to a certain extent. However,...

Unlike terrestrial radio, the speed of sound in the ocean is relatively slow, which results in mobile underwater M-ary spread spectrum communication typically exhibiting significant and variable multipath effects along with strong Doppler effects, leading to rapid carrier phase shifts in the received signal that severely impact decoding accuracy. This study aims to address the issue of rapid carrier phase shifts caused by sign...