Submarine pipelines serve as the primary transportation infrastructure for offshore energy resources and are becoming increasingly important in modern industrial and domestic applications. A series of laboratory experiments on the dynamic seabed response of three-dimensional pipeline-seabed systems under random wave and current conditions was conducted. The results demonstrate as follows: (1) Under the combined action of rando...

Allopatric speciation is a widely accepted hypothesis for species distributed across geographic barriers. Meanwhile, niche conservatism, the tendency of species to retain their ancestral ecological traits, helps reinforce genetic differentiation by stabilising species distributions over time and reducing the role of competition in shaping range boundaries. In contrast, hybridisation can occur at the edges of distribution after...