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We have attempted to re-establish bay scallops to the Virginia, U.S.A. coastal bays and document the dynamics of the restoration effort. Bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) once flourished in the eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) of the Virginia coastal bays. Eelgrass wasting disease led to declines, and both eelgrass and scallops were completely lost after a 1933 hurricane. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) led a su...
Plant Phylogenetic History, Not Diversity, Drives Insect Biodiversity Across South Africa's BiomesNARA Subscribed
Aim Insects provide essential ecosystem services, but there is a concern that insect abundance is in rapid decline. Identifying trends in insect biodiversity is challenging because we lack baseline data for most biogeographic regions, and most insect species remain undescribed. Here, we aim to report the first nationwide inventory of insect biodiversity in South Africa. Location Eleven National Botanical Gardens representing f...
Extreme site fidelity in long‐distance migratory shorebirds in Australia and potential implications for conservationNARA Subscribed
Site fidelity is the tendency for animals to repeatedly return to the same locations, either within or between years. Site fidelity enables animals to utilize knowledge of previously visited locations, including assessments of seasonal variations in health and mortality risks (e.g., predation), resource availability, and social benefits such as pairing with previous mates. However, rigidly enacted site fidelity may come with f...
The multi‐faceted threats of habitat degradation and biological invasions are increasing concerns for the integrity of freshwater ecosystems and their associated services globally. Removal of anthropogenic riverine barriers has gained momentum over the last three decades, motivated by the maintenance requirements of the aging infrastructure, while also functioning as a primary means of restoring river connectivity to promote e...
Existing conservation breeding programs inform ex-situ management options for threatened speciesNARA Subscribed
As biodiversity continues to decline amid the global extinction crisis, ex-situ management, including breeding animals in captivity for release, is becoming increasingly utilised. However, these programs represent significant investments, with no guarantee of success. It is often uncertain whether a conservation breeding program could effectively contribute to species recovery. We review two large, long-term conservation breed...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
In this study, an in silico screening approach was employed to mine potential bacteriocin clusters in genome-sequenced isolates of Lacticaseibacillus zeae UD 2202 and Lacticaseibacillus casei UD 1001. Two putative undescribed bacteriocin gene clusters ( Cas1 and Cas2 ) closely related to genes encoding class IIa bacteriocins were identified. No bacteriocin activity was recorded when cell-free supernatants of strains UD 2202 an...
Physical drivers of historical deoxygenation events and capacity for reef recovery in a fringing reef systemNARA Subscribed
Deoxygenation events threaten coral reefs as they can result in biodiversity loss and are expected to occur more frequently with increasing sea temperatures and eutrophication. Multiple deoxygenation events have occurred at Bill’s Bay, a semi-enclosed lagoon within the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Ningaloo Marine Park, and have been associated with significant ecosystem impacts, including fish kills and coral mortality. Althou...
Deagrarianisation is a global phenomenon with high potential for both carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Work on this topic has focused on plant succession and associated plant diversity, but few studies have considered faunal communities, particularly in Africa. We used passive acoustic monitoring to record insectivorous bat communities within forest fragments and former fields under communal land tenure in t...
The key mechanisms associated with the survival of Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta , when in severe hypoxiaNARA Subscribed
Florida's shallow seagrass beds experience daily diurnal fluctuations in environmental oxygen, leading to hypoxic episodes (PO 2 −1 , ~6 kPa) that have increased in frequency and intensity in recent decades. The native Gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta ) have been shown to employ a suite of adaptive cardiovascular, ventilatory and metabolic adjustments to survive moderate hypoxia, but little is known of the mechanisms used to survi...