Humans are exposed to a multitude of substances at the same time; thus, toxicity assessment for mixtures of several substances and not only for the individual substances is critical. An important challenge in testing the mixture effects of many substances in vitro is the variability between individual experiments, also named ‘day-to-day variability’. Two steps, each consisting of independent experiments, are needed when mixtur...

Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity experiments are frequently used in toxicology. Although it has been reported that an adequate choice of concentrations improves the quality of the statistical inference substantially, a recent literature review of three major toxicological journals has shown that the corresponding methods are rarely used in toxicological practice. In this study the performance of different sets of concentra...

The analysis of dose–response, concentration–response, and time–response relationships is a central component of toxicological research. A major decision with respect to the statistical analysis is whether to consider only the actually measured concentrations or to assume an underlying (parametric) model that allows extrapolation. Recent research suggests the application of modelling approaches for various types of toxicologic...

The liver plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism and represents a primary target for toxic substances. Many different in vitro cell models have been developed in the past decades. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyze the following human in vitro liver cell models in comparison to human liver tissue: cancer-derived cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG 3D), induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-li...

In cell biology, pharmacology and toxicology dose-response and concentration-response curves are frequently fitted to data with statistical methods. Such fits are used to derive quantitative measures (e.g. EC $$_{20}$$ 20 values) describing the relationship between the concentration of a compound or the strength of an intervention applied to cells and its effect on viability or function of these cells. Often, a reference, call...

Hazard assessment, based on new approach methods (NAM), requires the use of batteries of assays, where individual tests may be contributed by different laboratories. A unified strategy for such collaborative testing is presented. It details all procedures required to allow test information to be usable for integrated hazard assessment, strategic project decisions and/or for regulatory purposes. The EU-ToxRisk project developed...