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Patients with overt cerebral ischemia are at risk for adverse events after hospital discharge. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a potent lipid mediator produced and secreted by platelets, which is inhibited via acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The associations of sphingosine-1-phosphate with biomarkers of platelet activation, i.e., thromboxane B 2 and soluble P-selectin, as well as with clinical outcome in ischemic stroke or transient is...
The direct interplay between the immune and nervous systems is now well established. Within the brain, these interactions take place between neurons and resident glial cells, i.e., microglia and astrocytes, or infiltrating immune cells, influenced by systemic factors. A special form of physical cell–cell interactions is the so-called “neuroimmunological (NI) synapse.” There is compelling evidence that the same signaling pathwa...
The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic strokeNARA Subscribed
In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates...
Interleukin-1 Mediates Ischemic Brain Injury via Induction of IL-17A in γδ T Cells and CXCL1 in AstrocytesNARA Subscribed
As a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) exacerbates the early post-stroke inflammation, whereas its neutralization is protective. To further investigate the underlying cell-type-specific IL-1 effects, we subjected IL-1 (α/β) knockout ( Il1 −/− ) and wildtype (WT) littermate mice to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and assessed immune cell infiltration and cytokine production in the is...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Niche and neutral assembly mechanisms contribute to latitudinal diversity gradients in reef fishesNARA Subscribed
Aim The influence of niche and neutral mechanisms on the assembly of ecological communities have long been debated. However, we still have a limited knowledge on their relative importance to explain patterns of diversity across latitudinal gradients (LDG). Here, we investigate the extent to which these ecological mechanisms contribute to the LDG of reef fishes. Location Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Taxon Reef‐associated ray‐finned...
Extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter takes place in the shallow continental shelf seas of Siberia. This, in combination with brine production from sea-ice formation, results in cold bottom waters with relatively high salinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as low oxygen and pH levels. Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition with icebreaker Oden, from July to September 2014, show the distribution of such n...
Masked, diluted and drowned out: how global seafood trade weakens signals from marine ecosystemsNARA Subscribed
Nearly 40% of seafood is traded internationally and an even bigger proportion is affected by international trade, yet scholarship on marine fisheries has focused on global trends in stocks and catches, or on dynamics of individual fisheries, with limited attention to the link between individual fisheries, global trade and distant consumers. This paper examines the usefulness of fish price as a feedback signal to consumers abou...
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