Ecosystem transitions from bare to vegetated states often stall at early stages, before the biogeomorphic feedbacks needed for further expansion take hold. In aquatic systems, this bottleneck is especially common where inundation and hydrodynamic conditions may impose strong abiotic filters on pioneer establishment. Here, we integrate a manipulative field experiment with a simple probabilistic model to test whether tidal creek...

Monitoring marine organisms plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation, marine environmental management, and fisheries resource management. However, the underwater environment is often low-light and turbid, leading to indistinct target boundaries. Moreover, the wide variety of marine organisms—with significant differences in color, scale, texture, and morphology—can easily result in missed detections. To address these cha...