Aim Exploring the divergence and speciation processes is central to understanding the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. The dry valley mosaic in the Hengduan Mountains and its southern extension range is one of the special landscapes globally and harbours a high level of endemic plants of tropical margin nature. The dry valleys and lowlands‐adapted plants constitute a unique system to explore how the geological and ecolo...

The southeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (Yunnan, China) exhibits high biodiversity but stark differences in species richness between its western Longitudinal Range Gorge (LRG) and eastern Yunnan Plateau (YP). We collected distribution data for 16 primate species in Yunnan and analyzed palynological records over the past 20 ka from 21 localities to identify the biogeographic, climatic, and anthropogenic factors that...