Purpose This study aims to provide a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of primary gallium production on an industrial scale, addressing sustainability concerns due to its intensive chemical and energy consumption. The research question focuses on identifying the environmental impacts across each production process and suggesting mitigation strategies. Methods Data from a gallium production plant in China was utilized t...

This paper focuses on the formidable challenges that underwater robots encounter in complex marine environments. To address these issues, inspired by the cownose ray, an innovative scheme is proposed, utilizing four six-bar mechanisms to mimic its pectoral fin movement. Subsequently, the paper elaborates on the design, computation, and simulation of the bionic pectoral fin mechanism. A Watt-type six-bar mechanism is adopted, a...