Introduction Bone, as both a crucial organ with mechanical support and immune regulatory functions, profoundly influencing the growth and development of fish in aquaculture systems. Deer antler and its aqueous extract Cervi Cornus Colla (CCC), are natural medicinal substances known for their bone-protective properties. Methods This study investigated the osteoprotective effects of CCC against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced i...

Summary As in other eukaryotes, protein kinases ( PKs ) are generally evolutionarily conserved and play major regulatory roles in plant pathogenic fungi. Many PKs have been proven to be important for pathogenesis in model fungal plant pathogens, but little is currently known about their roles in the pathogenesis of cereal rust fungi, devastating pathogens in agriculture worldwide. Here, we report on an in planta highly induced...