Lactobacillus casei Zhang ( Lac.z ), isolated from traditional sour horse milk in Inner Mongolia, can alleviate various diseases and promote health. Our previous studies found that pretreatment with live Lac.z (L- Lac.z ) could significantly attenuate acute kidney injury and delay the progression of chronic renal fibrosis. However, it is unknown whether these effects could be maintained by pasteurized Lac.z (P- Lac.z ). Mouse...

Inorganic carbon is an important component of soil carbon stocks, exerting a profound influence on climate change and ecosystem functioning. Drylands account for approximately 80% of the global soil inorganic carbon (SIC) pool within the top 200 cm. Despite its paramount importance, the components of SIC and their contributions to CO 2 fluxes have been largely overlooked, resulting in notable gaps in understanding its distribu...