Westerlies‐dominated arid Asia spans the dry mid‐latitude Asian interior from NE Iran across the Central Asian interior to NW China and the southern Mongolian Plateau. Although elemental geochemical proxies are widely used in monsoonal Asia, their applicability to loess deposits in this broader arid domain remains insufficiently tested, especially in its western and central sectors. Here, we investigate the geochemical charact...

Deep learning has transformed image analysis across scientific domains, but its application in geosciences remains limited by scarce training data. Traditional image augmentation techniques, such as translation, rotation, and flipping, fail to capture the complexity and range of subsurface geological feature configurations. Here, we demonstrate that mathematical morphology-based image augmentation significantly improves the pe...