Ocean winds and waves play a vital role in maritime navigation safety, offshore operations, and coastal zone dynamics. Although both factors have been widely studied individually, the joint characterization of wind and wave events remains limited in the North Indian Ocean. This study, utilizing ERA5 reanalysis data from 1980 to 2022, statistically analyzed the distribution and variation patterns of both wind speed and signific...

This study investigates the effectiveness of UUV formations during navigation to designated target areas. The research focuses on propeller-equipped UUVs and employs a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology to analyze the hydrodynamic interactions among multiple UUV formations while en route to their targeted exploration areas. Utilizing the relative drag coefficients (rl and rf) and static thrust (Rfleets) as analytic...