Sexual reproduction in plants is a tightly coordinated process that underpins biodiversity, drives speciation, and serves as a foundation for modern crop improvement. Here, we synthesize recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing major reproductive events in flowering plants, including male and female gametogenesis, pollen-pistil communication, double fertilization, embryogenesis, and endosperm-mediated...

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is increasingly used as a complementary tool for coral biodiversity assessment, but its performance in subtropical, estuary-influenced reef systems remains insufficiently tested. This study combined seawater eDNA metabarcoding with concurrent underwater visual surveys and historical records to assess reef-building scleractinian corals in the Wanshan Archipelago, Pearl River Estuary. In Ju...