Storm-generated surface deposits can preserve short-lived sedimentary and geochemical signals, but their interpretation requires careful distinction between event-layer contrasts and true pre–post storm changes. Here we examine the sedimentary and heavy-metal characteristics of a post-storm surface drape and the underlying reference sediment in the northeastern Beibu Gulf after Super Typhoon Yagi. Grain size, total organic car...

High-energy, short-lived typhoon deposition can disrupt particle–water interactions, raising the question of whether rare earth elements (REEs) in event deposits still reflect equilibrium-controlled partitioning or instead capture transient, non-equilibrium geochemical states. We sampled a ~0.5–1 cm surface storm layer and underlying background sediments at 11 stations in the northeastern Beibu Gulf on 29–30 September 2024 (20...

The coupling of physical transport and phase-transfer processes represents a fundamental mechanism governing metal cycling in estuarine systems under tidal oscillations. Taking Quanzhou Bay as a model system, we conducted continuous observations and sample collection at the river channel (Q1), the turbidity maximum zone (Q2), and the outer bay channel (Q3). The metals (Al, Ti, Ba, Cu, Mn, and Zn) were measured by ICP-MS to sys...

Introduction Coastal zones in bay cities are characterized by high population density, concentrated economic activities, and integrated socio-ecological systems. The dynamic interaction between industrial structural evolution and coastal development in such areas exerts profound impacts on both regional economic growth and ecological sustainability, making it critical to clarify their correlation. Methods By integrating histor...