Soil viruses are crucial for microbial life, biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients, and for microbial necromass formation. We hypothesized that the effects of viruses on these processes depend on organic matter and nutrient availability in soils. Here, we combined a 34‐year long‐term fertilization trial, 150 sequenced soil metagenomes, and microcosm experiments to explore how viruses modulate carbon and nutrient dynami...