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The Role of Low Global Warming Potential Propellants on Suspension Metered Dose Inhaler SpraysNARA Subscribed
The reformulation of suspension-based pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) with low global warming potential (GWP) propellants is challenged by wide-ranging changes to their chemicophysical properties such as vapor pressure, density and latent heat. The effect of low-GWP propellants on spray pattern and plume geometry for suspension pMDIs are not fully understood. There is a lack of data regarding the role of propellant ch...
In-vitro Evaluation of Solution Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler Sprays with Low-GWP PropellantsNARA Subscribed
Purpose The transition from high Global Warming Potential (GWP) propellants such as HFA134a to low-GWP alternatives such as HFA152a and HFO1234ze(E) in pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) poses a number of challenges for inhaled pharmaceutical product development. Changes in chemicophysical properties will alter product performance, impacting in-vitro bioequivalence metrics. This study investigates those differences usin...
Bidirectional energy subsidies for fish in river mouths of a large lake as revealed by stable isotopes and fatty acidsNARA Subscribed
Freshwater river mouths may facilitate cross‐habitat resource use and bidirectional subsidization through (a) active cross‐habitat movement by consumers like fish and (b) water and material movement both downstream, from tributary to nearshore lake, and in the opposite direction due to backflow processes. Despite potential importance of freshwater river mouths, relative contributions of lentic and tributary energy sources to f...
Pacific Rim Forestry / Silviculture and Forest EcologyNARA Subscribed
Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is an important agroforestry tree of tropics and subtropics due to its protein rich foliages, ability to grow on poor soils, and high level of tolerance to various stresses including drought and diseases. We hypothesized that leucaena have a unique set of genes which confer tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses and these genes are either absent or not expressed in other legumes that...
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