Introduction Cruise port operations are facing increasingly significant challenges in departure reliability amid frequent climate variability, port congestion, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical risks. Unlike existing studies that mainly explain cruise delays from the perspectives of weather conditions, external shocks, or supply chain risks, this paper focuses on whether port turnaround planning itself may constitute...

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected global health, driven by the remarkable transmissibility and mutational adaptability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although five variants of concern, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, have been identified, the classification task in this study is formulated using four classes: Alpha, Delta, Omicron, and Else, reflecting the sequence availability and temporal coverage of the datase...