Purpose Direct-to-infant (D2I) transnasal aerosol surfactant therapy (AST) offers a promising non-invasive alternative for treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, achieving high lung delivery efficiency with dry powder inhalers (DPIs) requires careful optimization of complex fluid–particle interactions. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize an Infant Air‑Jet Dry Powder Aerosol D...

Host species have evolved different strategies for dealing with parasites. ‘Vulnerable’ hosts, which suffer reduced fitness from parasites, are under selection to evolve defences. ‘Tolerant’ hosts, by contrast, avoid reductions in fitness by mitigating parasite damage. When tolerant and vulnerable hosts co‐occur, tolerant hosts may pose an indirect threat to vulnerable hosts by serving as a source of parasite infestation. Avia...

Purpose Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is more common in women than in men but the etiology is not well understood. We therefore investigated the association between childhood and adolescent factors and subsequent DTC incidence in women. Methods We used data from 47,913 women enrolled (2003–2009) in the U.S. nationwide Sister Study cohort who were cancer-free at baseline. We used Cox regression models to assess associatio...

An ongoing challenge in pelagic oceanography and limnology is to quantify and understand the distribution of suspended particles and particle aggregates with sufficient temporal and spatial fidelity to understand their dynamics. These particles include biotic (mesoplankton, organic fragments, fecal pellets, etc.) and abiotic (dusts, precipitates, sediments and flocks, anthropogenic materials, etc.) matter and their aggregates...

Purpose Bod Pod air displacement plethysmography is a common method to estimate body fat percentage (%BF). To determine body volume from this method, thoracic gas volume (TGV) must be quantified. Measured TGV was compared to three predictions: the default prediction formula in the Bod Pod software from Crapo (CRAPO), a relatively new prediction that relies on height and body mass as the predictors from Ducharme (DUCHARME), and...

Background Fomepizole has been suggested as adjunctive therapy for severe acetaminophen poisoning though clinical efficacy is unknown. We sought to determine trends in the use of fomepizole for acetaminophen poisoning. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of hospitalized patients with acetaminophen poisoning from January 2013 through December 2024, using Epic Cosmos, a research database of 298 million patients nationally...

Structural adaptations of the corpus callosum have been well documented in early-trained instrumental musicians, reflecting experience-dependent plasticity in response to bimanual coordination and auditory–motor integration. Although the sensorimotor demands of singing differ, professional vocal training also requires precise control of bilateral vocal tract musculature and integration of auditory feedback; yet, less is known...

In the adult mammalian nervous system, sex differences can be manifested independently or in concert with sex-specific hormone cycles, such as the rat estrous cycle. Biological sex and related cycles influence neuronal properties in many brain regions, including the striatum, encompassing the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, NAc shell, and caudate-putamen (CPu). While neuron soma size and density are commonly assessed in the cont...

In the last 2 decades, UK research institutes have led a wide range of developments in marine data assimilation (MDA), covering areas from operational applications in physics and biogeochemistry to fundamental theory. We highlight the emergence of strong collaboration in the UK MDA community over this period and the increasing unification of its tools. We focus on identifying the MDA stakeholder community and current/future ar...