The oceanic mixed layer in the Southern Ocean is characterized by numerous fronts due to the stirring of freshwater influxes arising from ice melting. The interaction of these fronts with winds modulates the evolution of the mixed layer and affects atmosphere–ocean energy exchanges. However, the underlying mechanism behind the wind-front interaction remains obscure due to a lack of three-dimensional observations of the ocean,...

Nitrous oxide in the surface water was measured using an automatic underway system, along with measurements of surface water pCO 2 , dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and sea ice coverage, along a cruise track through the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea to the Canadian Basin during the 7 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results show that, overall, the regions along the cruise track are net sources of N 2 O...