Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors, such as PLX5622 and PLX3397 (pexidartinib), are widely used for in vivo microglial depletion and for investigating microglial functions and therapeutic potential. Although CSF1R inhibitor-based studies have uncovered important roles for microglia in processes, such as anesthesia, addiction, and obesity, whether the resulting phenotypes reflect microglial depletion alone...