The complex surface architecture of natural oyster reefs is widely considered to promote biological attachment, yet the underlying mechanisms and the relevance to the design of artificial reefs are not fully understood. Here, we combined field experiments, 3D surface characterization, and numerical modelling to quantify how reef-like roughness regulates biofouling development and near-wall flow around artificial substrates. Su...

A previous study in our laboratory revealed that microRNA‐33 (miR‐33) regulated autophagy initiation and inflammatory response by targeting Atg5 ; furthermore, in this study, chloroquine (CQ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the miR‐33 inhibitor were transfected into Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells to explore whether miR‐33 regulated late‐stage autophagy and inflammatory response induced by LPS. The results showed that...