Artificial feeds are considered a sustainable alternative to natural live feeds for mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) aquaculture, but their impacts on hepatic metabolism and growth remain unclear. In this study, a total of 800 adult mandarin fish with an initial mean body weight of 152.4 ± 8.7 g were reared for 150 days, and we compared growth performance, liver histology and liver metabolomics of fish fed artificial (AF) or...